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Irving John Gill (April 26, 1870 – October 7, 1936), was an American architect. Known as "Jack" to his friends, he is considered a pioneer of the modern movement in architecture. He designed several buildings considered examples of San Diego's best architecture.〔(Gill biography at sandiegohistory.org )〕 Twelve of his buildings throughout Southern California, plus his railway bridge in Torrance, California, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and many others are designated as historic by local governments. ==Biography== Gill was born in Tully, New York〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Irving J. Gill )〕 (near Syracuse), the son of Joseph Gill, a carpenter and farmer. Gill had no formal education in architecture and never attended college. He apprenticed to architect Ellis G. Hall in Syracuse and then moved to Chicago, Illinois, working with Joseph Lyman Silsbee and later and more importantly under Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan there. Frank Lloyd Wright was working in the Adler & Sullivan firm at this time as well. Gill's biggest assignment there was work on the Transportation Building for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He moved to San Diego in 1893 for health reasons, and immediately started his own architectural practice, specializing in large residences in eclectic styles. He later had an 11-year partnership with William S. Hebbard that produced good work, important to San Diego County history but less known nationally. The Hebbard & Gill firm was known for work in the Tudor Revival and later the Prairie School styles. The George W. Marston House (now a museum) is its most famous project. In this period, Gill trained Hazel Wood Waterman who helped with a group of houses built near Balboa Park for socialites Alice Lee and Katherine Teats. Waterman later went on to become an architect with her own practice. Gill's 1907 partnership with Frank Mead, which lasted less than a year and completed only four houses, produced some interesting designs, including the important Bailey, Allen, Laughlin and M. Klauber Residences. In 1911, Irving Gill's nephew Louis John Gill joined Irving's firm as a draftsman; later he was to be promoted to partner. That same year, Gill lost an important commission for the Panama-California Exposition (1915) to Bertram Goodhue. He did work for a time as an associate of Goodhue, most notably designing the Balboa Park Administration Building, Balboa Park's first structure, which is located just outside the California Quadrangle (later modified by Goodhue's team). Now known as the Gill Administration Building of the San Diego Museum of Man, it houses offices and the Gill Auditorium. After this time, Irving Gill started living and mainly working in Los Angeles County, although the Gill & Gill partnership lasted until 1919. Multiple projects for the fledgling city of Torrance probably prompted the move. He returned to live in North San Diego County in the 1920s, but his work slowed considerably due to lingering illness, changing public tastes, and his diminishing willingness to compromise with clients. After the late 1920s, his work added Art Deco or "Moderne" touches. Gill was commissioned by Ellen Browning Scripps to design the La Jolla Woman's Club. This prominently sited building (1912–14) is considered one of his masterpieces. It is similar to his other works in its stylistic simplicity. But here, he used a "tilt-slab" construction technique to assemble the exterior arcade walls on site. The result is California's first tilt-up concrete building. These walls integrate hollow, clay-block infill to lighten the slab's weight. For the interior walls and central "pop-up" volume, however, he employed conventional balloon-frame construction. Though Gill is often associated with the tilt-up method, he used it in only a handful of structures. Gill designed the Broadway Fountain, also known as the Electric Fountain, in the center of Horton Plaza Park, in Downtown San Diego. Though designed in the prime of his Modernist period, its revivalist style is atypical of his work. Gill's design was chosen in a competition among professional architects, and was one of the first projects in the country to combine water and colored electrical light effects. On May 28, 1928, at the age of 58, Gill married for the first and only time. His wife was Marion Waugh Brashears. However, the marriage was unsuccessful, and Gill was living alone in Carlsbad, California when he died on October 7, 1936.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Irving Gill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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